很多初次接触托福考试的学生总是非常担心写作的综合写作部分,也就是我们说的小作文。他们常提出这样的疑问:“怎么考得这么变态啊?读了又听再写!”其实大家完全不必为此如此焦虑,等看完下面的文章,读完下面的四大必杀技,我相信你一定会豁然开朗![br] 首先,summarize,也就是概括阅读和听力文章的主要内容和各三个分论点。这其实就是introduction要写的内容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成问题咯![br] 其次,paraphrase,也就是改写。掌握好了改写句子,你写起文章来将会感觉到如鱼得水,游刃有余。 改写其实主要有下面的两种方法:[br] 第一,使用不同的词汇[br] a.使用同义词,比如以下的一些写作高频词汇的同义词,你一定要掌握,出现的尤为频繁。[br] important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,[br] think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out[br] nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days[br] b.改变词性,这是一种稍微难一些的方法,要求你的语法基础非常好,你才能灵活自如的运用。[br] n. → v.[br] eg:when we look at a comparison between aand b…[br] when we compare a and b…[br] adj. → n.[br] there are a variety of solutions to the problem.[br] there are various solutions to the problem.[br] c. 使用不同的承接词。承接词在文章当中的使用相当频繁,不仅是段落和段落的连接,还包括句子和句子的连接。背住一些常用的承接词比你的改写将会有极大的作用。[br] because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for[br] but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas[br] so→ therefore, hence, thus, consequently[br] d.形容词的逆向表达。在某些形容词上进行修改,会达到非比寻常的效果。[br] eg: not as easyas…→more difficult than…[br] not uncommon→common[br] thecheapest → the least expensive[br] 第二,使用不同的句型[br] a. 改变词序。这是非常简单的一种方法,完全不用动脑筋就可以进行改写。常常将句子中的状语(包括状语从句)换位置。[br] eg: for manyyears, people have believed ….[br] →people believed… for many years.[br] after this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.[br] b. 主动语态和被动语态的互相替换eg: trained scientists performed this research.[br] →this research was performed by trained scientists.[br] c. 使用“there be” 句型,可以将一个简单句,马上变成一个加入定语从句或者分词的复杂句。eg: severalcomputer programs can be used to solve this problem.[br] →there areseveral computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或there areseveral computer programs used to solve this problem.[br] d.定语从句,分词和插入语的互相替换[br] eg: study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…[br] →study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…[br] eg: this…, which is one of the most powerful … in theworld, has…[br] →this…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has… [br] 接下来,cite,即引用。综合写作乃客观写作,只是一个旁观者的角度对这两篇文章的内容进行描述,因此,某观点是出自哪篇文章一定要说清楚。所以,下面的这些句型在综合写作中必不可缺。[br] a.according to+noun.[br] eg: according to thepassage/lecture/author/professor,…[br] b.subject+verbs of reporting+that clause[br] eg: the authortells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/pointsout/thinks/believes that…[br] 或the speakeragrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….[br] c. as is indicated/displayed/illustrated in thepassage/lecture,...[br] 最后,synthesize,也就是连接。具体来讲,就是承接词的使用是相当重要的,将文章当中的重要信息连接起来,体现作者对于两篇文章的理解正确,说明作者的思路清楚。由于综合写作是对两篇文章的比较,所以下面表对比和递进的承接词使用的最频繁。[br] a.transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand,in contrast, on the contrary[br] b.transitional words showingaddition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well[br] 现在,是不是感觉清晰很多了呢?也没有那么惧怕综合写作了呢?我相信,只要你掌握了上述四大技巧,综合写作对你来说将不再是个难以跨越的关口。[/p]