在第四、第五讲，分析了在解题过程中均衡成本、风险、收益的理念，给出了建立一个有序的解题系统的基本思路，实际上这里面针对的是广大考生里面存在的一些普遍问题：

（1）解题无序性，见到一个题目为了确定答案就遍寻脑子里面的理由，不管这理由是否足够solid。这样的后果是练习失去效果，因为所以题目的解题过程都无法复制到另一个题目

（2）本末倒置，即把研究一个题目中所谓的语法点，置于得到答案的过程之上，浪费大量时间钻研所谓的语言知识，致使复习过程大大无谓拉长，实际上偏离了考试本身的目的，思维测试，而非语言测试。

（3）过分强调所谓“偏好”，以收集、总结各种所谓的规律为乐，不断扩大工具的数量，却不注意工具的使用方法。

指出以上问题的存在，是因为gmat考试里面的2个简单常识：

（1）考到同一个分数的路径是非常多的，但是背后的成本远远不相同，起点也不相同。简单地认为“高分经验”就是成功经验，本身就犯了gmat常见的逻辑错误

（2） 一道语法题目，得到正确答案的路径也是很多的，得到错误答案的路径就更多。但我们进行所有考前练习的目的，应该是获得一整套能在考试那天被复制的路径。所以，认为能把一道题做对的方法，就是正确的方法，也犯了逻辑错误。

在第四讲里面，曾经与诸君分享了一些题目，今天我把这些题目所有的观察角度都列出来，然后请诸君思考一下这些角度的成本、风险和收益，再来点评：

like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in may after wintering in the argentine pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern united states is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes infarming practices.

a. the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern united states is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in

b. the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern united states as a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in

c. that the birds themselves are vanishing in the northeastern united states is due to residential and industrial development and changes to

d. in the northeastern united states, sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and industrial development and to changes in

e. in the northeastern united states, the sandpipers’ vanishing, a result of residential and industrial development and changing

角度1 ：划线部分开头需要是生物才能和like后面那堆东西对应，余下ab选项。

角度2 ：ab主语的单复数问题，留下b

角度3 ：ab的主谓一致问题，也是留下b

角度4：ab实际上意思是不同的，一个说 鸟是那些玩意的结果，一个说鸟的灭绝这事儿是那些玩意的结果。

被我上来杀掉的cde里面也可见类似角度。估计还有同仁能看到某些培训机构热衷的名词动词对比、due to是否偏好之类的角度，可惜我上来杀掉了cde，对这些视而不见。

（3）a leading figure in the scottish enlightenment, adam smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism whatmarx’s das kapital is to socialism.

a. adam smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism what

b. adam smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism like

c. adam smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism just as

d. adam smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism similar to

e. adam smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what

这题更简单了，主语不对劲杀掉abc。 两端都是句子 所以中间要用连词what 得到e。

with no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the new jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000

a. with no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the new jersey deer population to have

b. with no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that do not allow hunting, wildlife officials' estimate of the deer population in new jersey has

c. with no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, the deer population in new jersey, wildlife officials estimate, has

d. without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanse of green suburban neighborhoods, new jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have

e. without natural predators and with expanses of green neighborhoods where there is no hunting, wildlife officials in new jersey estimate a deer population that has

角度1 为了和without后面的东西对应，主语必须是能有天敌的东西，直接做出c角度2 部分选项因为后半截没有with 会导致歧义 因为不知道without管到哪儿

角度3 部分选项主谓语其实是不对应的，增长的是鹿群数字，而不是estimate ，比如b。

角度4 部分选项主语和宾语其实是不对称的，官员预测的不是鹿群，而是鹿群数量增长这事儿，如e。

角度3和4很烦吧，请宽恕我没刻意把所有角度都挖掘完。

cash flows to stock and bond mutual funds have gained strength in the last two months, but fund managers have not been eager to invest the new money, instead of preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfoliosat the highest level in six months

a: have not been eager to invest the new money, instead of preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfolios at

b: have not been eager to invest the new money, instead preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfolios to

c: have not been eager at investing the new money, instead of preferring to raise the cash levels in thief portfolios to

d: were not eager to invest the new money, instead of preferring to raise the cash levels the cash levels in their portfolios at

e: were not eager at investing the new money, instead preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfolios to

1 时态 前后对应杀de2 instead和instead of 意思区别选出b

3 eager to和eager at 搭配

4 尾巴处to 和 at事实上意思会造成区别，应该是“到”的意思，需要用to

5 最绝的意合：整个句子的核心意思就是传递“目的”的意思，所有to，to，to，大家再细心看看b。

哪个最烦，哪个最飘逸？

george washington dedicated his life to the economic strengthening of the south with improvement of soil and diversification of corps.

a. the economic strengthening of the south with improvement of soil and diversification of corps.

b. strengthening the economy in the south with soil improvement and diversification of corps.

c strengthening the economy of the south through soil improvement and crop diversification.

d. the strengthening of the economy of the south through improving soil and crop diversifying

e. the economic strengthening in the south with improving soil and diversifying corp.

1 and两端平行，余下ace2 死磕through和with或者死磕in 和of。郑重声明绝不是固定搭配，意思，意思，还是意思，荡涤一切鼓吹固定搭配的妖孽。看不出的我下一讲来点评。

3 死磕开头的动词vs 名词，或者后面的动名词vs 纯名词。

可是，这题里面……你困惑不？

总结容易，对学生负责到底难;掰一两个所谓规律容易，不被gmac设计反例难。取舍的智慧，尽在其中。

正是：

可上九天揽月，可下五洋抓鳖。

又云：

多少事，从来急;天地转，光阴迫 。一万年太久，只争朝夕。