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研究发现:第一印象很难改变

http://www.yiyingyu.com - 发布时间:2011-01-21 - 所在栏目: 趣味短语

  a recent research has proved that first impressions are not easy to change. although contradicted by new experiences in some context, the first impressions still dominate in other cases。

  to investigate the persistence of first impressions, lead researcher gawronski and his collaborators showed their study participants either positive or negative information about an unknown individual on a computer screen. then participants were presented with new contrary information about the same individual. and to study the influence of contexts, the researchers changed the background color of the computer screen while participants formed an impression of the target person。

  when the researchers measured participants' spontaneous reactions to the target person, they found the new information influenced participants' reactions only when the person was presented against the background in which the new information had been learned. otherwise, participants' reactions were still dominated by the first information。

  "imagine you have a new colleague at work and your impression of that person is not very favorable," said gawronski. "a few weeks later, you meet your colleague at a party and you realize he is actually a very nice guy. although you know your first impression was wrong, your gut response to your new colleague will not be influenced by the first impression only in contexts that are similar to the party. however, your first impression will still dominate in all other contexts."

  美国“趣味科学”网站19日报道称,最近一项研究证明,人们的第一印象很难改变。尽管在某些情况下人们接受到的新信息与第一印象相矛盾,但在其他情况下第一印象还是处于主导地位。

  为了研究第一印象作用的持久性,首席研究员佳沃斯基和同事们给受试者在电脑屏幕上给受试者展现了一个陌生人的正面/负面信息。随后又让受试者接触到同一个人的新信息,但与之前的信息矛盾。为了研究背景情况的影响作用,研究人员在受试者观察目标对象时还调整了电脑屏幕上的背景色。

  当研究人员在记录受试者对目标对象的本能反应时,他们发现,与某些新信息同时显现的特定背景颜色再次出现时,再次出现的新信息才能对受试者的反应产生影响。否则,受试者将一直为第一印象所左右。

  “试想你和一个新同事一同工作,他留给你的第一印象不是很好,”佳沃斯基说道。“几周后,你们在派对中碰面,发现他其实是个很不错的人。尽管你知道自己的第一印象错了,但是只有在与派对情境相似的情况下,你对此人的本能反应才会不被原有印象所左右。而在其他情境中,你的第一印象还会成为主宰。”

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