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2011职称英语重点语法讲解:分词的独立结构

http://www.yiyingyu.com - 发布时间:2010-11-09 - 所在栏目: 每日英语
 working hard (if you work hard), you will succeed。

  如果你努力,你会成功的。

  defeated (= though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer。

  虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。

  4. 分词的独立结构

  1) 分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格。在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:

  the project finished, they had a two weeks' leave。

  完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假。

  he being absent, nothing could be done。

  由于他缺席,什么事也没法干。

  2) 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without +名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词”的结构,表示伴随状况。例如:

  they sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixedon the lake。

  他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。

  with him helping me, i felt lucky。

  有他的帮助,我感到很幸运。

  5 . 容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词

  像 interesting 和 interested 一类的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下区分:

  ( 1 )一部分表示“情感;心情”等意义的动词的现在分词有“令人……的;具有……性质的”的意思,常用来说明人或事物的特征或性质。如:

  the president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday。

  ( 2 )它们的过去分词有“感到……的”的意思,用来指人的感觉或所处的状态,因而它的主语一般不可能是指物的词。如:

  he was too excited to fall asleep。

  这类容易混淆的分词常见的有: encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled; astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等。

  经典例题解析:

  1.the olympic games, ______ in 776 b.c,did’t include women players until 1919.

  a.first playing  b.to be first played  c.first played   d.to be first playing

  析:根据题干,必须选表示被动的选项,故排除a、d;因b选项表“将要被举行”意,不合题干之用,只有c选项(相当于which was first played)才合用。

  2.european football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world。

  a.making   b.makes     c.made    d.to make

  析:b、c是谓语动词,在此不可用。d项to make或表目的,或表“将要使得”,这都不合题干情景。只有a.making,可作状语,表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例: the bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay。公共汽车被大风雪所阻,因而耽误了。

  3.little jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening。

  a.to be taken   b.to take    c.being taken  d.taking

  析:根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项,c、d应排除。take后无宾语,必然要用被动式,故答案为a。

  4.john was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment。

  a.to wash   b.washing    c.wash    d.to be washing

  析:根据be made to do sth。句式,可定答案为a。

  5.the patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation。

  a.to eat not   b.eating not    c.not to eat   d.not eating

  析:根据warn sb。(not)to do sth。句式,可排除b、d两项;又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律,又可排除a,而定c。

  6.——i usually go there by train. ——why not ______ by boat for a change?

  a.to try going  b.trying to go   c.to try and go  d.try going

  析:此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为d。若将b项改为try to go,则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容,乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样,所以答案仍为d。

  7.______ a reply,he decided to write again。

  a.not receiving    b.receiving not   

  c.not having received   d.having not received

  析:非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位,b、d皆为错误形式。a项不能表达先于decided的动作,只有选c项才表没收到信在先,决定再写信在后,所以c为正确答案。

  8.charles babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer。

  a.to invent   b.inventing   c.to have invented  d.having mvented

  析:consider表“考虑”意时,其后动词用doing形式,此处不表“考虑”,而表“认为”,这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。据此可排除b、d两个选项。又因a表“要发明”意,不合题用,只有c表“发明了”意,才合题用,故选c。(来源:新东方在线)

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